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Annual Reports:
Report Summaries:
| Arizona Birth Defects
Monitoring Program 1997, 1994 Report: |
- In 1997, there were 1,401
infants with a reportable defect among the 75,563 live births and 637
stillbirths.
- The most common defects were
pyloric stenosis, orofacial clefts, obstruction of kidney/ureter, Down Syndrome,
microcephaly, and hip dislocation.
- Between 1986 and 1997, there
has been no change in the rate of neural tube defects (anencephaly, spina
bifida, or encephalocele).
- Rates of orofacial clefts
were statistically elevated between 1986 and 1997 in Apache and Navajo counties.
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| Arizona Birth Defects
Monitoring Program 1995 Report: |
- There were 1,386 children
with a reportable birth defect born to Arizona residents in Arizona in 1995, out
of 72,386 live births and 497 still births. Arizona's birth defect rate is
19.0 cases per 1,000 births in 1995, which is 4.05% higher than the rate for
1992.
- The most common
defects were pyloric stenosis, oral clefts, obstruction of kidney/ureter,
Down Syndrome, dislocation of the hip, and microcephaly.
- All rates of birth defects
were highest among 35 years of age and older. Trisomy 21 increased
with maternal age but highest rates for gastroschisis was among young
mothers.
- The distribution of birth
defects varied by race and ethnicity. Highest rates of microcephaly was
observed among Native Americans. Pyloric stenosis rates were found highest
among the Hispanics, followed by Blacks and Whites. Spina bifida was most
common among Hispanics.
- Analysis of birth defects
rates for 1986 to 1992 and 1995 by county follow the same pattern observed in
1992, where Gila county had the highest rates of congenital anomalies and
Greenlee and La Paz, the lowest.
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| Arizona Birth Defects
Monitoring Program 1992 Report: |
- There were 1,386 children
with a reportable birth defect born to Arizona residents in Arizona in 1995, out
of 72,386 live births and 497 still births. Arizona's birth defect rate is
19.0 cases per 1,000 births in 1995, which is 4.05% higher than the rate for
1992.
- The most common
defects were pyloric stenosis, oral clefts, obstruction of kidney/ureter,
Down Syndrome, dislocation of the hip, and microcephaly.
- All rates of birth defects
were highest among 35 years of age and older. Trisomy 21 increased
with maternal age but highest rates for Gastroschisis was among young
mothers.
- The distribution of birth
defects varied by race and ethnicity. Highest rates of microcephaly was
observed among Native Americans. Pyloric stenosis rates were found highest
among the Hispanics, followed by Blacks and Whites. Spina bifida was most
common among Hispanics.
- Analysis of birth defects
rates for 1986 to 1992 and 1995 by county follow the same pattern observed in
1992, where Gila county had the highest rates of congenital anomalies and
Greenlee and La Paz, the lowest.
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| Arizona Birth Defects
Monitoring Program 1991 Report: |
- For 1991, the overall birth
defects rate was 31.4 per 1,000 births, including the minor defects, not
reported in 1992 and 1995. This means that there were 2,148 children with
a reportable birth defect born to Arizona residents, out of 68,040 live births
and 409 still births. The most common birth defects observed were pyloric
stenosis, microcephalus, oral clefts, dislocation of hip, and Down syndrome.
- Race/ethnicity patterns
indicate that the incidence rate for microcephalus was highest among Native
Americans and Blacks in 1991 at 57.42/10,000 live births and fetal deaths and
43/10,000 live births and fetal deaths. In contrast, Whites and Hispanics
had the highest incidence rates for pyloric stenosis. Hispanics were found
to have the highest incidence of spina bifida (5.89/1000 live births and fetal
deaths) , the most common neural tube defect, compared to Whites
(3.38/10,000 live births and fetal deaths). Down Syndrome incidence rates
among Native Americans (19.68/10,000 live births and fetal deaths) exceed the
rates for Hispanics and Whites in 1991 by 33.6 and 99 percent
respectively.
- Analysis of the maternal age
patterns show that all observed rates for birth defects were highest among women
35 years of age and older. Down Syndrome rates for women 35 years of age
was 4 per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths, in contrast to 1 per 1,000 live
births and fetal deaths among women who are less than 20 years of age. One
exception to this pattern was observed rates for gastroschisis where the highest
rates were among women who were between 20 and 24 years of age (0.8/1,000 live
births and fetal deaths) and women who were less than 20 years of age (0.7/1,000
live births and fetal deaths).
-
An examination
of birth defects data by county was first carried this year. Due to
small numbers, this was done by the aggregation of birth defect cases by county
for the years 1986 through 1991. Gila county exhibited the highest rate of
congenital anomalies at 26.97/1,000 live births.
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| Arizona Gastroschisis Report 1986-1996: |
- Using data obtained from the
Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program, this report describes the incidence
rate of gastroschisis in Arizona between 1986 to 1996 and compares these
rates to the national rate. In addition, the report discusses
whether there had been a significant change in the incidence rate of
gastroschisis between 1986 and 1996.
- Increase over time in
gastroschisis incidence was measured in two ways. First, data was grouped
into two time periods, 1986-1990 and 1991-1996 and analyzed using the
proportions test. Second, using a chi square trend (Mantel extension)
test, odds in successive groups increase or decrease was compared to the
baseline. The baseline data was the 1986 cases. Defect rates and 95%
Poisson confidence intervals for the years 1986 through 1996 were also
presented.
-
The results of
the study that Arizona's statewide gastroschisis rate for 1986-1996 is 3.3 cases
per 10,000 live births, which is slightly higher than the national rate of 2
cases per 10,000 live births. The proportions test indicate that a
statistically significant increase in cases had occurred between 1986-1990 and
1991-1996 time periods. In addition, the chi-square test for trend (Mantel
extension) show that a significant linear increase in cases over the eleven year
period (1986 to 1996). It was recommended that gastroschisis rates be
continually monitored and compared with the rates of other states.
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